Governor for internal-combustion motors.



A. J. DONOVAN & F. POKORNY, JR.

GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS. APPLICATION FILED Dec/29. 1911.

1,290,122., Patented Jan. 7,1919.

w it ARTHUR J. DONOVAN AND FRANK POKORNY, JR, OF NEW YORK, Y.

Application filed December as, 1917. Serial No. 209,477.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that ARTHUR J DONOVAN and POKORNY, J r., citizens of the United T States, and residents of the borough of Manhattan, in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governors for Internal-Com-bustion Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion motors, and our improvements are 'whereby the fuel passage directed to automatic governing means is regulated by the piston speed so that while at'determined moderate speeds full charges are available as for heavy loads, the accelerationof piston speed functions tocontract the fuel passage and thus limit the fuel supply until a balanced volumetric quota per piston stroke is admitted to the manifold in normal restricted engine speed.

V e are of course aware of the various types of governors, centrifugal and otherwise, found in the art, but the means devised by us to control the motor, differ from these, and are based upon the idea of utilizing the vacuum or variable suction force created between the intake and carbureter, to actuate gravity return means for concomitantly varying the volumetric flow of fuel, from a normal set supply, to accord with service conditions.

Other features and advantages of our said invention will hereinafter appear.

In the drawing: i p

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of our governing device.

F ig.v 2 is a detail elevation of the free piston, and n Figs?) is a detail bot-tom carrier for the cone.

In the example of our invention presented in this application we have shown it to comprise a gravity valve, cylindrical in form, and functioning as afree piston under the suction influence of the motor piston, in aspirating the fuel charges, to automatically limit the capacity of the fuel passage.

Thus, let 1 indioate'the intake manifold of a motor, 2 the carbureter, and 3 an-intermediate communicating member having flanges 4 and 5 to, respectively, connect said pipe with said manifold and carbureter.

The lower portion of member 3 which is a hollow cylinder 6, is bounded upwardly by' an internal annular shoulder '7 from which plan view ofthe Specification of Letters Patent.

' said cylinder,

wise throughout the stroke GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTORS.

Patented extends a sleeve 8. A free piston consisting of a tubular portion 9, slidable within sleeve 8, and a lower annular'shoulder 10 that fits slidably within cylinder 6, constitutes, with an annular chamber-11, whose capacity varies with the movement'in and .out of the free piston.

The chamber 11 is in communication with the atmosphere through an opening 12 in its outer wall, this opening being composed, in the example, of intersecting holes drilled in cylinder 6 and shoulder 7. We have also shown an adjustable needle valve 13 as applied to said opening, for the purpose of varying its capacity.

Also the tube 9 is a-pertured, as with holes 14, to co-act with opening 12. in an air passage through chamber 11 and into the fuel passage, of which the free piston,

being hollow, forms a component section. It W-1ll be noted that the chamber 11 is con tractible through the upward movement of the free piston, until the shoulder 10 meets shoulder 7 and that said chamber is expansible through the downward movement of said piston.

Attention is also directed to the location of opening 12 in the upper portion of chamber 11, that it may function during the whole of the free p ston stroke and that the tube 9 is apertured'vertically, for coordination of its apertured portion with opening 12 likeof the free piston. It is our intention, in devising the parts referred toand their that the free piston shall be raised, varyingly, by, and according to the extent of the vacuum created throughthe suction. strokes of the motor piston, whereby the fuel is aspirated from. the carbureter to the intake manifold. v

In thus rising, the tubular portion 9 is intended to serve, in progressively restricting the passage takenby the fuel, 'to concomitantly diminish the volumetric supply thereof that is conveyed to the motor intake.

An example of means which co-a'ct with said tubular portion 9 in t-hisoperation will be described hereinafter. 1

It should be observed that .the capacity of holes 14 exceeds the when the latter is fully exposed, where ore the exercise of suction pull through said holes 14 tends to exhaust the chamber 11 at a greater rate than said'cham-berreceives air through opening 12. Hence the suction relative arrangement, I

capacity of openin 12 Jan, 7, isle.

providing pull through the holes 14: creates a partial vacuum in said chamber, thus causing the chamber 11 to contract, wh1ch1s effected in the upward movement of the free piston.

By means of the needle valve 13 the size of opening-l2 may be varied and set to admit 'just the requisite quantity 0f air whereby the free piston may function with respect to a predetermined engine speed, bearing in mind that the upper, tubular portion of said" free piston is employed to vary theextent of the fuel passage.

In practice we have found that the holes 14 should vary dimensionally in progressive .manner, said holes increasing in size from the bottom of tubular portion 9'upwar'dly. This is for the reason that as the free piston ascends under the suction pull to which it is subjected, the chamber 11 decreases in itscubical capacity, thereby responding to exhaustlon at a lower vacuum pull, while it must also be borne 1n mind that, as the free i piston ascends, so also the aspirating tension of the engine is increased through contrac tion of the fuel passage.

Mounted in theupper portion of member 3, axially over the free piston, is a depending cone 15, in spaced relation with the upper perimeter of tubular portion 9, said cone bem supported by a spider or frame 16, having apertures 17 for the passage of the fuel which in" the functioning of the engine is aspirated up from the carbureter, through tubular portion 9, around cone 15, and thence through said apertures 17 to the intake manifold. The s acing between. eone.15 and the perimeter .0 tubular portion 9, when the latter is seated in normal inoperative position,equals in area the full throat of the fuel passage, and saidspacing is contractible to closure in the upward movement of the free piston.

Means are however provided for varying the extent of the spacing between cone 15 and tubular portion 9, as follows; The said cone is mounted upon a threaded stem 18 for verticala djustment. A vertical socket 19 is provided in the upper end of .the cone,- in which is seated a spring 20', supporting. a plunger or detent 21 which bears against ace'ntral plate 22 carried by spider 16,- said 3 plate having a concentric series of depressions 23 for the lodgment of det'ent 21,'to thus retain the conein a desired locked position of vertical adjustment.

By these or equivalent means the normal wide open extent of the fuel passage may be conveniently regulated and set.

The usual'butterfiy valve for throttling the fuel may or may not be employed with a motor equipped with our invention.

In the operation of a motor having our improved governor, the free piston will rise to'contract the fuel passage when the engine speed exceeds the desiredlimit, and, then eirercising a throttling action, willfall again to a point leaving a clearance for which the inlet at 12 is set, and which will permit the engine to function normally at a predetermined speed. When a heavier load is imposed upon the motor, causing it to slow down, this, by'

diminishing the suction pull, will permit the free piston to fall, thereby increasing the fuel passage, and enabling the motor, op-

erating at a lower speed, to receive more fuel, until the motor picks up speed, which again causes the freepiston to automatically contract the fuel. passage.

Variations may be resorted to within the spirit and scope ofour said invention and parts thereof used without others. f

We claim y 1. The method of governing the speed of internal combustion motors, which consists in varying thevolumetric capacity of the fuel passage through the force created by the motor in its aspiratory operation, as opposed to gravity. p g

2. The method of governing the speed of internal combustion motors, which consists.

ing a carbureter and an intermediate fuel passage, the combination of a gravity return fuel control valve, and means, governed through the character of the vacuum'created by variable motor speed, to actuate said valve in governing the volumetric capacity of the fuel. passage.

5. In an internal combustion motor having a carbureter and an intermediate fuel passage, a free, gravityreturn piston comprising a throttle, and means actuated by the aspirating force of the motor to operate saidv piston, whereby the volumetric capacity of the fuel passage is governed.

6.. In an internal combustion motor having a carbureter and an intermediate fuel passage, the combination of a hollow, gravityreturn free piston, included in saidpassage, said piston functioning as a fuel throtv tle, a chamber in which said piston works, .an air mlet to sa d'chamber, and means of commumcatlon between said chamber and passage, whereby the fuel raising, suction pull also serves to operate said piston.

7. In an internal combustion motor. hav

ing a carbureter and an intermediate fuel passage, the combination of a hollow, gravv said piston as ity return free sage, an inverted cone co-aoting axially with afuel throttle, means of vertical adjustment for said cone, and means actuated by the aspiratory force of the motor, to operate said piston, whereby the volumetric capacity of the fuel passage is governed. v V

8. A governor for internal combustion motors comprising a passage connecting the carburet'er and motor intake, a gravity return-free piston Within said passage operable by the suction pull of the motor, and means co-acting with said piston, to vary the volumetriorfuel capacity ofsaid passage.

9. A governor for internal combustion piston included in said pasmotors comprising a passage connecting the carbureter and motor intake, a stationary throttle member near the upper portion of said passage, and a gravity return, free piston operable by the suction pull of the motor, to approach said member vary the volumetric 'fuel delivery from said passage.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan in the city, county and State of New York this 26th day of December A. D. 1917.

' ARTHUR J. DONOVAN. ,FRANK POKORNY, JR. lVitnesses: i

F. \V. BARKER, A. B. BARKER.

and thereby I 

